[Research progress on the application of non-nutritional effects of fat emulsion in the treatment of poisoning].

Fat emulsion is a drug commonly used clinically for parenteral nutrition support in critically ill patients.With the development of the pharmaceutical industry, fat emulsion has formed a variety of different formulations, among which different types of fat emulsion have their own metabolic and body energy supply characteristics, and the application indications are also different. In addition to providing the supply of nutrients, the role of fat emulsion in anti-toxicity, immune regulation, anti-inflammatory, anti-shock, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and other aspects has gradually been discovered. This article reviews the existing evidence-based medical evidence and expounds the mechanism and therapeutic role of fat emulsion in the treatment of critically ill patients with poisoning. Its value in the treatment of critically ill patients with poisoning was discussed, and some references were provided for the application of non-nutritional functions of fat emulsion in the future.

[The role of S100A8/RAGE and Caveolin-1 and the effect of roxithromycin on their expression in a rat model of neutrophilic asthma].

Objective: To explore the role of S100A8, the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) and Caveolin-1 in neutrophilic asthmatic rats, and to further study the intervention of roxithromycin and the possible mechanisms. Methods: Male Brown Norway rats were randomly assigned to a control group, an asthma group and a Roxithromycin group. The asthmatic rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA) and Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) mixture, and aerosol inhalation of OVA. Rats in the Roxithromycin group were given roxithromycin injection 30 mg/kg 30 minutes before each challenge. Rats in the control and the asthma groups were replaced with equal volumes of saline, respectively. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) neutrophil percentage (Neu%) and pathological changes of pulmonary tissue (hematoxylin-eosin, HE staining) were measured to confirm the establishment of asthmatic models. The concentration of inflammatory cytokines and S100A8 were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the expression of Caveolin-1 and RAGE at protein levels were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results: Neu% in BALF of the asthma group was significantly higher than those of the control group, and Neu% in the Roxithromycin group was lower than the asthma group (all P<0.01). Pulmonary histology revealed that there were a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrated in the bronchial and perivascular, pulmonary interstitial and alveolar spaces, and the bronchial wall and smooth muscles were thickened obviously in the asthma group. Rats in the Roxithromycin group showed milder inflammation and airway remodeling change than the asthma group. There was no obvious pathological damage in the control group. The concentration of IL-6 and IL-17 in BALF and serum of rats in the asthma group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.01), and Roxithromycin inhibited the high expression of these cytokines (P<0.05). The expression of S100A8 and RAGE in the asthma group were significantly higher than those in the control group [(20.6±4.4) vs (7.1±2.0) ng/L; (885±118) vs (462±102) ng/L; (14.2±1.7) vs (7.6±1.8) ng/L; (774±166) vs (406±69) ng/L, all P<0.05], and Roxithromycin inhibited the high expression of these proteins [(14.3±3.7) vs (20.6±4.4) ng/L; (650±53) vs (885±118) ng/L; (10.4±1.2) vs (14.2±1.7) ng/L; (560±64) vs (728±72) ng/L] (all P<0.05). Meanwhile, the expression of Caveolin-1 in the asthma group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.01), and Roxithromycin up-regulated its expression (P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between the expression of S100A8 and RAGE (r=0.706, P<0.01), while there was a significantly negative correlation between the expression of S100A8 and Caveolin-1 (r=-0.775, P<0.01), and between the expression of Caveolin-1 and RAGE (r=-0.919, P<0.01). Conclusion: S100A8 and Caveolin-1 may play an important role in neutrophilic asthma via RAGE, and Roxithromycin may exerts anti-inflammatory effects and inhibition of airway remodeling partly through this signaling pathway.

Therapeutic effect of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate in rats on lung injury induced by paraquat poisoning.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Magnesium Isoglycyrrhizinate (MgIG) on intercellular adhesion moledule-1 (ICAM-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in rats with Paraquat (PQ) poisoning and its potential mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 30 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups, including normal control group, poisoned control group, low-dose MgIG group, medium-dose MgIG group and high-dose MgIG group. Each group was treated with corresponding dose of MgIG once on daily basis by intraperitoneal injection 24 hours later, and the normal control group and poisoned control group were injected with physiological saline. All the animals were killed 14 days after poisoning, the contents of ICAM-1 and matrix MMP-9 were determined. HE staining and Masson staining were performed, the hydroxyproline (HYP) content in the lung tissue was also determined, and the expressions of ICAM-1 and MMP-9 were detected by immunohistochemical test. RESULTS: The contents of ICAM-1 and MMP-9 in the rat serum for all treatment groups were significantly decreased compared with those of the poisoned control group (p < 0.05, or < 0.01), and the expressions of the two proteins were significantly down-regulated, especially for the medium dose group. CONCLUSIONS: There is an improvement effect of ICAM-1 and MMP-9 in rats with Paraquat poisoning for the medium dose of MgIG, capable of slowing down the process of pulmonary fibrosis to certain extent.